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White paper no. 2 · Revised 6 September 2026
From PoC to Industrialisation: Leading AI Change Management in European SMEs
This white paper turns “how do we industrialise?” into concrete decisions about process, accountability, measurement and agent control.
- Seven last-mile frictions connected to their resolution levers.
- Five change-management levers organised for an SME or mid-cap.
- An AgentOps control plan and 12-month roadmap.
What you will find inside
The content follows an industrialisation decision from diagnosing the blockage to measuring results.
- The “last mile” wall: why only 46% of AI PoCs reach production, and why the obstacle is organisational, not technological.
- The seven frictions of the last mile: the map of what blocks the path from a successful pilot to deployment at scale, and how to clear each one.
- The five levers of change management: the BCG 10-20-70 framework with its three categories preserved, then applied to mandate, champions, training, governance and measurement.
- AgentOps: extending DevOps/MLOps to observe and govern AI agents in production (a control plane, guardrails, human validation).
- ROI and how to fund it: an indicative €30,000 to €80,000 over 12 months, a complete formula and funding whose conditions must be checked at application.
- The 12-month roadmap: quarter by quarter, from framing to governed scaling.
Key figures
Every figure retains its population, date and subject so that a benchmark is not converted into an individual prediction.
46%
only of AI PoCs reach production: half stay stuck at the pilot stage.
Source: IDC × Lenovo, CIO Playbook 2026
10-20-70
10% algorithms, 20% technology implementation and data, 70% people and processes.
Source: BCG, AI Transformation Is a Workforce Transformation, 2026
20.0%
of EU27 enterprises were using AI in 2025: 17% of small companies against 55% of large ones.
Source: Eurostat, December 2025
70.9%
of European companies that considered AI without adopting it cite a lack of skills.
Source: Eurostat, December 2025
30%
only of organisations redesign their core processes around AI. 37% use it superficially.
Source: Deloitte, State of AI in the Enterprise 2026
47%
of workers already spend more time directing and supervising AI than doing the work themselves.
Source: BCG, AI at Work 2026 (3 June 2026)
74%
of surveyed companies had already pulled a customer-facing AI agent out of production, a signal in favour of continuous control.
Source: Sinch, May 2026 (2,527 decision-makers, 10 countries)
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Frequently asked questions
- Why do only 46% of AI PoCs reach production?
-
The 46% figure describes the rate reported by IDC-Lenovo, while BCG's framework separates the conditions for success into three complementary categories.
- 10% concerns algorithms.
- 20% concerns technology implementation and data.
- 70% concerns people and processes.
- What is AgentOps?
-
AgentOps extends software operations to the lifecycle of probabilistic agents that observe, reason and act on a business process.
- Observe and replay trajectories.
- Evaluate changes against reference cases.
- Control action rights, human validation and takeover.
- Track costs, incidents and resilience.
- How much does industrialising AI cost in an SME?
-
The white paper proposes an indicative budget of €30,000 to €80,000 over 12 months for an SME or mid-cap with 50 to 500 staff, to be recalculated for the actual scope.
- The budget should include deployment, operation, supervision and correction.
- Bpifrance and EDIH support depends on eligibility, dates and caps checked at application.
- ROI is calculated over a defined period from attributable benefits and total costs.
- How does it differ from the first white paper?
-
The two white papers address successive decisions in an AI transformation.
- Maturity of AI in French SMEs helps position the organisation.
- From PoC to Industrialisation helps select, produce, measure and govern scaling.
- What does the Junyr.eu AI Maturity Audit include?
-
The audit is a calibrated first conversation for positioning the enterprise and selecting its next project.
- A free 30-minute video call with no commitment.
- A shared structure led by a Junyr.eu network practitioner.
- A one-page deliverable with the position, main obstacle and first relevant project.